Italian Occupations
A
- Abate: abbot
- Academico: academic
- Addetto: clerk
- al servizio: service clerk
- Agente daziario: customs agent
- Agricoltore: farmer, farmhand (see also “contadino/a,” “massaro di campo,” and “villico/a”)
- Agrimensore: land surveyor
- Albergatore: innkeeper (see also “oste” and “tavernaio”)
- Alchimista: alchemist
- Ambasciatore: ambassador
- Amministratore: administrator
- Ammiraglio: Admiral
- Armigero, armiggero: gentleman, squire
- Artigiano/a: crafts(wo)man
- Attendente a casa: house attendant, domestic worker, servant
- Avvocato: lawyer
B
- Barbiere: barber
- Barcaro, barcaiolo: boatman
- Bardaro, bardonaro: saddler, harness maker (see also “selaio”)
- Barista: barman, barmaid
- Barone/ssa: baron(ess)
- Battirame: coppersmith (see also “ramaio”)
- Benestante: wealthy, well-off
- Bottaio: cooper
- Bottegaio, bottegaro: shopkeeper (see also “negoziante”)
- Bracciante, bracciale: laborer, workman, work hand (see also “operaio”)
- One who works with their arms; generally used in Southern Italy in the 19th century
- Brigadiere: Brigadier
C
- Caffettiere: coffee maker, coffee house keeper
- Cafone: peasant
- Calzolaio: cobbler, shoemaker (see also “zoccolaio“)
- Cameriere: waiter
- Campagnuolo, campagnola: country(wo)man, peasant (see also “contadino/a,” “villico/a,” and “donna di campagna”)
- generally used in Southern Italy
- Cappellano: chaplain
- Capraro, capraio: goat herder
- Cardalana: wool carder
- Cassiere: cashier
- Cavaliere: knight
- Civile: landowner (see also “possidente” and “proprietario”)
- Colderaio: coppersmith
- Commerciante: merchant, dealer (see also “esercente”)
- Confettiere: confectioner
- Contadino/a: peasant, farmer (see also “agricoltore,” “massardo di campo,” and “villico/a”)
- Conte/ssa: count(ess), earl
- Cucitrice: seamstress
- Cursore: messenger (see also “messo”)
D
- Dama: lady, noblewoman (see also “gentildonna”)
- Diacono: deacon
- Domestico/a: man servant, maid servant
- Donna di Campagna: countrywoman (see also “campagnola”)
- Dottore/essa: doctor
- Dottore di Legge: Doctor of law
- Dottore/essa di Medicina: Doctor of medicine (see also “medico/a”)
- Duca: duke
- Duchessa: duchess
E
- Esercente: merchant (see also “commerciante”)
- Esposito, esposto: foundling (see also “trovatello”)
- Estero: foreigner
F
- Facchino: porter (see also “portiere”)
- Fabbro: blacksmith (see also “ferraro, ferraio”)
- Fabbricatore, fabbricante: manufacturer (see also “industriante, industriale, industrioso”)
- Falegname: carpenter (see also “legnaiolo”)
- Farmacista: pharmacist
- Ferraro, ferraio: blacksmith (see also “fabbro”)
- Filandaia, filanderia: spinner, weaver (see also “filatrice, filatoiaio” and “tessitore, tessatrice”)
- Filatrice, filatoiaio: weaver, spinner (see also “filandaia, filanderia” and “tessitore, tessatrice”)
- Fisico: physicist
- Forgiaro: ironsmith
G
- Galantuomo: gentleman
- Gendarme: policeman
- a piedi: policeman on foot
- Gentildonna: lady, gentlewoman, dame (see also “dama”)
- Giudice: judge
- Grenatiere: grenadier
- Gualano: agricultural worker, farm laborer (with an annual contract)
- derived from the Provencal word “golan,” meaning young boy/man.
- Guardia: guard
I
- Impiegato: employee
- Industriante, industriale, industrioso: industrialist, manufacturer (see also “fabbricatore”)
- Insegnante: teacher (see also “maestro/a”)
- Inserviente: attendant
L
- Lavorante, lavoratore: workman, worker (see also “operaio”)
- Legale, legista: lawyer
- Legatore di libri: bookbinder
- Legnaiolo: carpenter (see also “falegname”)
- Levatrice: midwife
- Linaiuolo: used linen dealer
M
- Macellaio: butcher
- Maestro/a: schoolmaster(mistress), musical composer, master, teacher, chief (see also “insegnante”)
- Massaro di Campo: field farmer (see also “agricolotore,” “contadino/a,” and “villico/a”)
- generally used in Southern Italy
- Mattonero, mattonaio: brick maker, brick layer
- Medico/a: doctor (see also “dottore/essa di medicina”)
- Mediatore: mediator
- Messo: messenger (see also “cursore”)
- Molinaro: miller (see also “mugnaio”)
- Mugnaio: miller (see also “molinaro”)
- Mulattiere: mule driver
- Muratore, murifabbro: mason, bricklayer
- Capo mastro muratore: chief master mason
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N
- Necroscopo: A physician specifically tasked to certify a death based on an examination of the body
- Negoziante: shopkeeper (see also “bottegaio, bottegaro”)
- Nobile, nobiliare: Of the nobility
- Nobilvivente: living noble
- Notaro: notary
O
- Operaio: laborer, workman (see also “lavorante, lavoratore”)
- Orefice: goldsmith
- Ortolano: gardener
- Oste: innkeeper (see also “albergatore” and “tavernaio”)
- Ostetrice: obstetrician
P
- Paggio: page, valet
- Palafreniere: groom, footman
- Panettiere: baker
- Pastore, pastaro: shepherd (see also “pecoraio, pecoraro”)
- Pecoraio, pecoraro: shepherd (see also “pastore, pastaro”)
- Pescatore: fisherman
- Pizzicagnolo: cheesemonger
- Pittore: painter
- Porcaro: swineherd
- Portalettere: postman
- Portiere: porter, doorkeeper, concierge, doorman, custodian, clerk (see also “facchino”)
- Portinaio: doorman
- Possidente: landowner (see also “civile” and “proprietario”)
- Praticante: practitioner
- Prete: priest (see also “sacerdote”)
- Proprietario: landowner, owner (see also “civile” and “possidente”)
R
- Rabbino: Rabbi
- Ramaio: coppersmith (see also “battirame”)
- Rappresentante: representative, agent
- Re/gina: king (queen)
- Rettore: rector
- Riparatore: restorer
S
- Sacerdote: priest (see also “prete”)
- Sacrestano: sacristan
- Saggiatore: assayer
- Saponaio: soap maker
- Sarta: dressmaker
- Sarto, sartore: tailor
- Scalpellino: stonemason
- Scarpellatore: sculptor (see also “scultore”)
- Schiavo: slave
- Scienziato: scientist
- Scolaro: pupil, schoolchild, student (see also “studente”)
- Scrittore: writer
- Scrivano: clerk
- Scultore: sculptor (see also “scarpellatore”)
- Segretario/a: secretary
- Selaio: saddler (see also “bardaro, bardonaro”)
- Sensale: broker, agent
- Sentinella: sentry
- Serva, servitore: servant
- Sicario: assassin
- Sindaco: mayor
- Socio: associate, partner
- Soldato: soldier
- Sott’ufficiale: non-commissioned officer (NCO)
- Spadaio: sword maker
- Spazzatore: sweeper
- Specchiaio: mirror maker
- Spedaliere: hospital administrator
- Speziale: apothecary
- di medicina: medical apothecary
- Stalliere: groom, stableboy
- Stampatore: stamper
- Stenografo: stenographer
- Storico/a: historian
- Stradino: road maker
- Studente: student (see also “scolaro”)
- Stufaiolo: oven worker
T
- Tagliaferro: iron worker
- Tagliapietre: stonecutter
- Tavernaio: innkeeper (see also “albergatore” and “oste”)
- Tessitore, tessatrice: weaver (see also “filandaia, filanderia, filatoiaio” and “filatrice, filatoiaio”)
- di lana: wool weaver
- di lino: linen weaver
- di seta: silk weaver
- Tintore: dyer
- Tipografo: printer
- Tiracanape: puller
- Tiratore: wool stretcher
- Trafficante: merchant, dealer
- Trovatello: foundling (see also “esposito, esposto”)
U
- Ubbriaco: drunkard
- Uditore: auditor
- Ufficiale: official, officer
- Uomo d’affari: businessman
- Usciere: usher, doorkeeper
V
- Vaccaro, vaccaio: cowboy
- Vangatore: digger (see also “zappatore”)
- Vaticale: water carrier
- Venditore: salesman
- Vermicellaio, vermicellaro: pasta maker
- Veterano: veteran
- Veterinario: veterinarian
- Vetturale: cabman
- Viglaio: fireman
- Villico/a: farmer, country(wo)man (see also “agricoltore,” “contadino/a,” and “massaro di campo”)
- Vive del suo: self-employed, self-sufficient, someone who has unearned income
Z
- Zappatore: digger, picker, hoer, sapper (see also “vangatore”)
- Zita: spinster
- Zoccolaio: cobbler, shoemaker (of wooden shoes) (see also “calzolaio”)